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Foreign relations of Solomon Islands

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The foreign policy of Solomon Islands as of 2008 was described by the Solomon Islands government as a "look north" policy, aimed as strengthening diplomatic and economic relations with Asian countries for development purposes.[1]

Diplomatic representation

[edit]

Countries with diplomatic missions in Solomon Islands are Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South Korea and the United Kingdom. The U.S. ambassador resident in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea is also accredited to Solomon Islands. Canada, France, Germany, South Korea, Sweden and Malaysia have Honorary Consuls.

Solomon Islands has diplomatic missions in Canberra, Papua New Guinea, at the United Nations in New York, where the ambassador there is also accredited as its ambassador to the United States of America, UNESCO in Paris and high commissioner to Canada and at the European Commission in Brussels where the representative is also accredited as High Commissioner to the UK.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which the Solomon Islands maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[2]
1  Australia 7 July 1978[3]
2  Canada 7 July 1978
3  Nauru 7 July 1978[3]
4  New Zealand 7 July 1978
5  Papua New Guinea 7 July 1978[3]
6  United Kingdom 7 July 1978[4]
7  Czech Republic 11 July 1978
30 October 1996
8  Germany 11 July 1978[3]
9  Samoa 17 July 1978[5]
10  Fiji 28 July 1978
11  Japan 1 September 1978
12  South Korea 15 September 1978[6]
13  United States 9 October 1978
14  France 1 February 1979[3]
15  Belgium 28 February 1979[3]
16  Turkey 8 March 1979[7]
17  Kiribati 12 July 1979[3]
18  Sweden 24 October 1979[3]
19  Tonga 7 July 1980[3]
20  Vanuatu 30 July 1980[8]
21  Spain 8 August 1980[9]
22  Tuvalu 1 October 1980[3]
23  Norway 18 December 1980[10]
24  Netherlands 1 February 1982[3]
25  Malaysia 10 May 1983[3]
26  Indonesia 28 July 1983[3]
–  Holy See 9 May 1983[11]
27  Thailand 2 May 1986
28  Italy 1 March 1987[3]
29  Singapore 21 April 1987[12]
30  India 1 May 1987
31  Greece 28 August 1987[8]
32  Israel 1 January 1989
33  Maldives 18 October 1989
34  Federated States of Micronesia 5 April 1990
35  Brunei 21 May 1992[13]
36  Kuwait 18 October 1995
37  Vietnam 30 October 1996
38  Portugal 20 November 1996
39  Guyana 26 November 1996
40  South Africa 11 December 1996
41  Finland 16 July 1999
42  Cuba 19 December 2002
43  Philippines 27 September 2004
44  Brazil 2 August 2005
45  Austria 13 October 2005
46  Iceland 20 April 2007
47  Venezuela 8 May 2007
48   Switzerland 20 December 2007
49  Mexico 26 September 2008
50  Palau 25 September 2009
51  Ireland 4 December 2009
52  United Arab Emirates 29 April 2010
53  Cyprus 5 May 2010
54  Marshall Islands 23 May 2010
55  Botswana 18 November 2010[14]
56  Slovenia 18 November 2010
57  Luxembourg 19 November 2010
58  Seychelles 20 December 2010
59  Egypt 23 December 2010
60  Malta 23 December 2010
61  Montenegro 23 December 2010
62  Romania 1 February 2011
63  Morocco 4 February 2011
64  Uruguay 4 February 2011
65  Azerbaijan 8 February 2011
66  Qatar 8 February 2011
67  Comoros 14 February 2011
68  Dominica 7 March 2011
69  Guatemala 8 March 2011
70  Slovakia 15 March 2011
71  Nicaragua 20 April 2011
72  Bulgaria 27 April 2011
73  Paraguay 4 May 2011
74  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4 May 2011
75  Georgia 11 May 2011
76  Albania 19 May 2011
77  Gambia 19 May 2011
78  Estonia 25 May 2011
79  Cabo Verde 26 May 2011
80  Hungary 21 June 2011
81  Eritrea 27 June 2011
82  Guinea 11 August 2011
83  Ukraine 27 September 2011
84  Mongolia 13 October 2011
85  Mauritania 18 October 2011
86    Nepal 15 December 2011
87  Ecuador 20 December 2011
88  East Timor 21 December 2011
89  Ethiopia 22 December 2011
90  Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 January 2012
91  Tajikistan 21 February 2012
92  Cambodia 22 February 2012
93  Republic of the Congo 6 March 2012
94  Monaco 6 March 2012
95  Peru 14 March 2012
96  Croatia 18 March 2012
97  Moldova 4 May 2012
98  Poland 6 May 2012
99  Algeria 7 June 2012
100  Latvia 28 June 2012
101  Suriname 10 August 2012
102  Kazakhstan 17 August 2012
103  Belarus 10 September 2012
104  Panama 11 September 2012
105  Burundi 13 September 2012
106  Lithuania 20 September 2012
107  Liechtenstein 2012[15]
108  Jamaica 3 July 2013
109  Sri Lanka 3 July 2013
110  El Salvador 22 July 2013
–  Cook Islands 1 September 2013
111  Antigua and Barbuda 11 September 2013
112  Grenada 2 April 2014
113  Trinidad and Tobago 31 May 2014
114  Saudi Arabia 17 July 2014
115  Kyrgyzstan 22 December 2014
116  Pakistan 19 February 2016
117  Mauritius 1 July 2016
118  Argentina 29 July 2016
119  Saint Lucia 27 October 2018
120  China 28 September 2019
121  Serbia 20 December 2021[16]
122  Barbados 19 September 2022[16]
123  Bahrain 21 September 2022[16]
124  Chile 19 September 2023[16]
125  Oman 19 September 2023[16]
126  Dominican Republic 21 September 2023[16]
127  Belize 22 September 2023[16]
128  Uganda 27 November 2023[16]
129  Bahamas 15 March 2024[16]
130  Colombia 23 September 2024[17]
131  Rwanda 24 September 2024[18]

Bilateral relations

[edit]

Current

[edit]
Country Notes
 Australia See Australia–Solomon Islands relations

Australia became the first country to establish diplomatic relations after the Solomon Islands became independent on 7 July 1978. Australia is the Solomon Islands' largest developmental partner and a key trading partner. Following the outbreak of conflict between the Guadalcanal and Malaitan peoples in 1998, Australia led a multinational peacekeeping and developmental assistance force known as RAMSI, which operated in the Solomons between 2003 and 2017.[19] Australia is also a key security partner, signing a bilateral security treaty with the Solomons in mid August 2017.[19] The two countries experienced several bilateral disagreements including the Julian Moti affair in 2006-2007 and a 2022 Chinese-Solomon Islands security pact.[20]

 China See China–Solomon Islands relations

On 16 September 2019, after bribing government officials,[21][22][23] Solomon Islands parliament voted to end diplomatic recognition of Taiwan and to recognise China (PRC). Taiwan subsequently closed its embassy in Honiara on 17 September 2019. The new arrangement with PRC remained to be ratified on 19 September but is expected to proceed.[24] Following this move, a provincial leader had offered to lease the island of Tulagi to China in a deal that the attorney general found to be illegal.[25]

In late March 2022, the Solomon Islands Government confirmed that it was drafting a security pact with China that would allow the deployment of Chinese military and security forces in the country, naval deployments, and the establishment of a military base. This acknowledgement came after a draft of the security agreement was leaked online. In response, the Australian and New Zealand Governments expressed concerns that the establishment of a Chinese military presence in Solomon Islands would have serious implications for peace and security in the Pacific region.[26][27][28] In response, the Chinese Government defended law enforcement and bilateral cooperation with Solomon Islands and disputed Australian criticism that Beijing was coercing Solomon Islands.[29]

 Cuba See Cuba–Solomon Islands relations

In the late 2000s, Solomon Islands began to strengthen their relations with Cuba.

In April 2007, the Solomon Star reported that Solomon Islands' high commissioner to the United Nations was soon to be sworn in as ambassador to Cuba.[30] In September 2007, it was announced that 40 Cuban doctors would be sent to Solomon Islands.[31] The Solomons’ Minister of Foreign Affairs Patterson Oti said that Solomon Islander doctors would "learn from their Cuban colleagues in specialised areas".[32] In addition to providing doctors, Cuba provided scholarships for 50 Solomon Islanders to study medicine in Cuba for free.[33]

In September 2008, Solomon Islands' foreign minister William Haomae attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana, aimed at "strengthening cooperation", notably in coping with the impact of climate change.[34]

In July 2014, Solomon Islands prime minister Gordon Darcy Lilo opened Solomon Islands embassy in Havana, thus becoming the first Pacific Island country to have an embassy and resident ambassador in Cuba.[35]

 Cyprus
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 2010.[36]
  • Cyprus is represented in Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[37]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
 Fiji See Fiji–Solomon Islands relations

In August 2008, it was announced that Solomon Islands intended to open a High Commission in Suva,[38] and in December the government of Fiji announced that it had "formally endorsed the establishment of a Resident Diplomatic Mission in Suva by the Government of Solomon Islands".[39] Fiji's High Commission to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Solomon Islands.

 Greece
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1987.[40]
  • Greece is represented in Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[40]
 India See India–Solomon Islands relations

Diplomatic relations between India and Solomon Islands were established in May 1987.

 Japan

Diplomatic relations between Japan and Solomon Islands were established on 7 July 1978, the date the Solomon Islands became independent. Japan maintains an embassy at Honiara.[41]

 Malaysia See Malaysia–Solomon Islands relations

Malaysia has an honorary consul in Solomon Islands while Malaysia high commission in Port Moresby also accredited to the country,[42] and Solomon Islands has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.[43][44][45]

 Maldives
 Netherlands
 New Zealand

New Zealand is represented in Solomon Islands by its High Commission in Honiara.[50] Solomon Islands is represented in New Zealand by its High Commission in Wellington.[51]

In response to civil conflict within the Solomon Islands, New Zealand contributed defence and civilian personnel to the Australian-led International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) following the Townsville Peace Agreement in October 2000. Between 2003 and 2017, New Zealand contributed both military and law enforcement personnel to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI).[52]

In March 2015, the New Zealand journalists Nicky Hager and Ryan Gallagher reported that NZ's signals intelligence agency, the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB), was using the internet mass surveillance system XKeyscore to intercept email communications from several senior Solomon Islands government ministers, the Solomons Islands Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and anti-corruption campaigner Benjamin Afuga.[53] In response, the New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully sought to reassure the Solomon Islands Government's concerns about New Zealand's mass surveillance program. The Solomons Chief of Staff, Robert Iroga, objected to the GCSB's tapping of his government's internal communications, which in his view damaged New Zealand's image as a "friendly government" in the South Pacific.[54]

In March 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern supported Australia's concerns about a planned security pact between China and Solomon Islands; claiming that it would lead to the militarisation of the South Pacific.[55] In addition, the New Zealand Government unsuccessfully lobbied French Polynesian and New Caledonian officials into taking a position on the Chinese—Solomon Islands security pact.[56]

 Pakistan

Solomon Islands and Pakistan established foreign relations in February 2016, when high commissioner designate Naela Chohan, Pakistan's ambassador resident in Canberra, arrived in Honiara to sign an accord with minister for foreign affairs Milner Tozaka for the formal establishment of diplomatic ties.[57] A Joint Communique issued by the two senior officials remarked upon numerous areas of cooperation, including education, and policing, as well as bilateral trade ties.[58]

 Papua New Guinea

Relations between the current governments of Prime Minister Derek Sikua (Solomon Islands) and prime minister Michael Somare (Papua New Guinea) are, at present, cordial.[59]

 South Korea See Solomon Islands–South Korea relations

Solomon Islands and the Republic of Korea have established diplomatic relations on September 15, 1978.

  • Solomon Islands and South Korea have nice diplomatic relations.[60]
  Switzerland

Solomon Islands and Switzerland established formal diplomatic relations on 20 December 2007, when representatives of both nations signed a joint communiqué in Canberra.[61] Beraki Jino, High Commissioner of Solomon Islands to Australia, and Christian Muhlethaler, Ambassador of Switzerland to Australia, signed the agreement on behalf of their respective governments.[61]

 Turkey See Solomon Islands–Turkey relations
 Ukraine

Ukraine is represented in Solomon Islands by its embassy in Canberra, Australia.[63]

 United Kingdom The British Solomon Islands Protectorate was one of the last areas of the British Empire to gain independence. The official name was changed from British Solomon Islands Protectorate to Solomon Islands in 1975. Self-government was granted in 1976 also under that name. On achieving full independence as a sovereign state in 1978, the two countries immediately established diplomatic relations.

King Charles III is, severally, the head of state of both the United Kingdom and Solomon Islands. Although the two offices are vested in the same person, he exercises his role as King of Solomon Islands independently of his role as the King of the United Kingdom, consequently, the United Kingdom itself has no jurisdiction in Solomon Islands.[64] Both the United Kingdom and Solomon Islands are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, and participate in events such as the Commonwealth Games.

Bilateral relations with the UK remain strong. The UK's bilateral aid programme in Solomon Islands ended in early 2004 when the UK's regional aid programme came to a close. However, UK funding through the EU, the largest multilateral donor to Solomon Islands, will continue. The UK contributes almost 15% of the EU development budget in Solomon Islands. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office assistance to Solomon Islands is focused on security sector reform, good governance, sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Among the activities supported in the last two years are: education on HIV/AIDS, rural clinics, collective farming and empowerment of women. Sir Nathaniel Waena, the Governor-General of Solomon Islands, visited the UK in 2006 to celebrate the Queen's 80th Birthday. Assistance is also provided through the Commonwealth of Nations, whose budget is supported by the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom is one of only six countries to maintain a resident ambassador in Honiara, the High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Solomon Islands.[65] The current High Commissioner, since 2016, is David Ward.[66] The British High Commission in Honiara represents British interests in the country and assists British citizens resident in, or visiting the country. The High Commission also funds local projects and assists in scholarships in the United Kingdom for Solomon Islands citizens.

Solomon Islands is represented in the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium, by the Solomon Islands Ambassador, who is also accredited as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

 United States See Solomon Islands–United States relations
  • Solomon Islands are accredited to the United States from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • United States has an embassy in Honiara.[67]
 Venezuela

In October 2008, Solomon Islands prime minister Derek Sikua moved to establish economic relations with Venezuela, hoping to benefit from comparatively cheap Venezuelan oil. In a rare display of bipartisanship, Solomons Opposition leader Manasseh Sogavare praised his political rival for this move, stating that -in the context of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, it would bring down the price of oil for Solomon Islanders, and boost the economy if the Solomons imported crude Venezuelan oil, refined it and then exported it to neighbouring countries.[68]

Former bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Formal Relations Ended Notes
 Kosovo 28 April 2015 28 November 2018 Solomon Islands recognized Kosovo as an independent state on 13 August 2014, and established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 28 April 2015. However, it withdrew its decision to recognize Kosovo as an independent state on 28 November 2018.[69][70][71][72]
 Republic of China 24 March 1983 14 September 2019 Solomon Islands maintained diplomatic relations with Republic of China (Taiwan) from 24 March 1983 with resident diplomatic missions in both respective capitals. In April 2017, Solomon Islands Deputy Prime Minister Manasseh Maelanga visited Taiwan and met with President Tsai Ing-wen at the Presidential Office Building in Taipei. Both of them discussed exchanges and future cooperation between the two sides.[73] However, on 14 September 2019, the Solomon Islands parliament voted to recognize the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China. The Republic of China in response cut all ties to the Pacific nation, closing its embassy in Honiara on 17 September 2019.[74] On 21 September 2019 Solomon Islands and the People's Republic of China issued a joint communiqué establishing relations. An exchange of ambassadors on both sides is yet to be made.[75]

Main multilateral involvement

[edit]

Solomon Islands is a member of the United Nations, UNESCO, the Commonwealth, South Pacific Commission, Pacific Islands Forum, International Monetary Fund, and the European Economic Community/African, Caribbean, Pacific Group (EEC/ACP)/(Lomé Convention).

International organisation participation

[edit]

ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, Commonwealth of Nations, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. 1 June 2020. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Briefing Notes for Minister of Foreign Affairs, The Rt. Honourable Sir Peter Kenilorea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Solomon Islands. 1988. p. 32.
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